Chapter 19 - Page 2

between the child and the man.* Again, as the young of closely allied though distinct species do not differ nearly so much from each other as do the adults, so it is with the children of the different races of man. Some have even maintained that race-differences cannot be detected in the infantile skull.*(2) In regard to colour, the new-born negro child is reddish nut-brown, which soon becomes slaty-grey; the black colour being fully developed within a year in the Soudan, but not until three years in Egypt. The eyes of the negro are at first blue, and the hair chestnut-brown rather than black, being curled only at the ends. The children of the Australians immediately after birth are yellowish-brown, and become dark at a later age. Those of the Guaranys of Paraguay are whitish-yellow, but they acquire in the course of a few weeks the yellowish-brown tint of their parents. Similar observations have been made in other parts of America.*(3)

* Ecker and Welcker, ibid., pp. 352, 355; Vogt, Lectures on Man, Eng. translat., p. 81. *(2) Schaaffhausen, Anthropolog. Review, ibid., p. 429. *(3) Pruner-Bey, on negro infants as quoted by Vogt, Lectures on Man, Eng. translat., 1864, p. 189: for further facts on negro infants, as quoted from Winterbottom and Camper, see Lawrence, Lectures on Physiology, &c., 1822, p. 451. For the infants of the Guaranys, see Rengger, Saugethiere, &c., s. 3. See also Godron, De l'Espece, tom. ii., 1859, p. 253. For the Australians, Waitz, Introduction to Anthropology, Eng. translat., 1863, p. 99.

I have specified the foregoing differences between the male and female sex in mankind, because they are curiously like those of the Quadrumana. With these animals the female is mature at an earlier age than the male; at least this is certainly the case in Cebus azarae.* The males of most species are larger and stronger than the females, of which fact the gorilla affords a well-known instance. Even in so trifling a character as the greater prominence of the superciliary ridge, the males of certain monkeys differ from the females,*(2) and agree in this respect with mankind. In the gorilla and certain other monkeys, the cranium of the adult male presents a strongly-marked sagittal crest, which is absent in the female; and Ecker found a trace of a similar difference between the two sexes in the Australians.*(3) With monkeys when there is any difference in the voice, that of the male is the more powerful. We have seen that certain male monkeys have a well-developed beard, which is quite deficient, or much less developed in the female. No instance is known of the beard, whiskers, or moustache being larger in the female than in the male monkey. Even in the colour of the beard there is a curious parallelism between man and the Quadrumana, for with man when the beard differs in colour from the hair of the head, as is commonly the case, it is, I believe, almost always of a lighter tint, being often reddish. I have repeatedly